BF from Pandoc

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

An analysis of the development of national adaptation programmes of action on climate change (NAPA) in the least developed countries (LDC) illustrates that NAPAs are beset by difficulties, during both formulation and implementation:

- delays in their formulation;

- failure to take due account of climate change in development

   > policies and strategies;

- insufficient funding during implementation.

However, adaptation to climate change is no longer a choice; it is the only option in the quest for sustainable development and a process which effectively includes all stakeholders needs to be set in motion in order to address the root causes of climate change.

Burkina Faso has an advantage over many other LDC, in that its NAPA, adopted in 2007, has been implemented under three projects with technical and financial support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Kingdom of Denmark, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Japan. It capitalised on that advantage and put it to good use when the national climate change adaptation programme (NAP) was formulated, by applying the acquis from NAPA projects.

Generally speaking, NAPA have been unable to convince backers to finance them. There is clearly an urgent need at present to adopt a new programming framework (NAP) in addition to the NAPA already adopted to respond to the need for urgent adaptation. This new vision adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has the advantage of ensuring that better account is taken of climate change in development policies and strategies and of bringing backers on board who fund climate change adaptation. In other words, in theory an NAP has a better chance of being funded and thus implemented than an NAPA.

The objectives of an NAP are to (i) reduce vulnerability to the impact of climate change by developing adaptation and resilience capabilities; (ii) facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation into new or existing policies, programmes or activities and in specific development planning processes and strategies in pertinent sectors and at various levels in a coherent manner.

It ultimately results in a reference document containing practical information with a view to helping to:

- reduce the vulnerability of natural, social and economic systems to

   climate change;

- integrate climate change adaptation into current or future

   development policies and strategies.

The vision of the Burkina Faso NAP reads as follows: **\"Burkina Faso intends to manage its economic and social development more efficiently by implementing planning mechanisms and measures taking account of resilience and adaptation to climate change between now and 2050**\".

The long-term adaptation objectives based on that vision are to:

- protect accelerated growth pillars;

- ensure sustainable food and nutrition security;

- preserve water resources and improve access to sanitation;

- protect persons and goods from extreme climate events and natural

   disasters;

- protect and improve the functioning of natural ecosystems;

- protect and improve public health.

The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted decision 5/CP.17 on national adaptation plans (NAP) at its 17th session held in Durban (South Africa) on 11 December 2011 in order to help LDC take better account of climate change in their development policies and strategies.

Burkina Faso decided to prepare an NAP in response to that decision. In order to do so, a multidisciplinary team of experts with expertise in the following sectors was set up at national level to formulate the NAP: (i) agriculture; (ii) animal production; (iii) environment and natural resources; (iv) meteorology; (v) energy; (vi) health; (vii) infrastructure and housing; (viii) women\'s associations; (ix) civil society organisations. The team of experts is listed in the annex. In order to take account of water security, the NAP took account of the written input received from the Global Water Partnership West Africa and the Burkina National Water Partnership, both of which offered to help with national coordination of NAPA projects by providing a water consultant and cofinancing workshops with stakeholders.

The NAP was formulated with very close attention to institutional, technical and financial aspects. The Mathematical Equation Analysis Laboratory (LAME) of the University of Ouagadougou (UO), with support from the NAPA-BKF-UNDP/Japan project entitled \'**Improving capacities to take better account of climate change-related concerns during the preparation and implementation of development plans, programmes and projects**\', prepared climate forecasts for Burkina Faso up to 2100 and evaluated the vulnerability of various development sectors. The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development set up a technical committee to monitor formulation of the NAP through the Permanent Secretariat of the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development (PS/CONEDD).

The following were established in detail for each development sector: (i) structural vulnerability; (ii) priority adaptation sectors; (iii) court-, medium- and long-term adaptation measures; (iv) a five-year adaptation action plan; (v) the cost of adaptation measures over a period of between 1 and 15 years.

The Burkina Faso NAP comprises (i) adaptation plans for each development sector and (ii) a global adaptation plan for the entire country. The action plans for the various sectors are summarised below:

The objectives of the action plan for each sector are as follows:

 **Development sector**                  **Specific objectives of action plan**
 --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 **Agriculture**                         
                                         SO 1: Recuperate and restore the fertility of degraded land
                                         SO 2: Improve access for farmers to high quality agricultural production factors (equipment, inputs, land, results of agricultural research etc.)
                                         SO 3: Improve the resilience of stakeholders to climate change
                                         SO 4: Develop early warning systems to ensure efficient management of climate variability and change
 **Animal production**                   
                                         SO 1: Improve the security of pastoral activities through better dissemination and exploitation of information on pastoral resources and associated access.
                                         SO 2: Ensure the security of animal capital with a view to supporting the pastoral economy on a sustainable basis and improve the resilience of stakeholders in order to achieve sustainable food security in Burkina Faso
                                         SO 3: Reduce the vulnerability of farmers to climate change and contribute to local economic development
 **Environment and natural resources**   
                                         SO 1: Increase productivity and the resilience of ecosystems
                                         SO 2: Improve biodiversity conservation
                                         SO 3: Improve research and ecological monitoring
                                         SO 4: Reduce GG emissions
 **Energy**                              
                                         SO 1: Reduce the impact of climate change on the energy sector
                                         SO 2: Ensure a sustainable supply of energy for cooking
                                         SO 3: Reduce electricity consumption
                                         SO 4: Gain more knowledge into the impact of climate change on the energy sector
 **Health**                              
                                         SO 1: Ensure leadership and governance in terms of adapting to the impacts of climate change on the health sector
                                         SO 2: Increase human resources in the health sector skilled in adapting to the effects of climate change
                                         SO 3: Improve the early warning system and the response to climate change-related phenomena
                                         SO 4: Adapt health infrastructure to the effects of climate change
                                         SO 5: Improve research in the field of climate change
 **Infrastructure and housing**          
                                         OS 1: **Promote access to decent accommodation for disadvantaged social groups** by providing rental accommodation, supporting DIY construction and building social housing stock
                                         SO 2: Provide public facilities and road, water and rain and waste-water drainage infrastructure which is practical and resilient through good design/implementation and good maintenance
                                         OS 3:Turn the towns of Burkina Faso into hubs of economic growth and sustainable development by promoting a green economy
 **Horizontal issues**                   
                                         SO 1: Help to improve mastery of environmental problems and climate change by members of women\'s associations
                                         SO 2: Help to improve the resilience of members of women\'s associations by implementing revenue-generating activities
                                         SO 3: Develop adaptation technologies which take account of the conditions in women\'s associations on the basis of traditional knowledge
                                         SO 4: Improve the contribution of NGOs to better governance in implementing the NAP/CC in Burkina Faso
                                         SO 5: Ensure the sustainability of civil society initiatives in climate change adaptation
                                         SO 6: Help to improve public involvement in the process of reflection, analysis and decision-making in connection with climate change adaptation by producing, disseminating and making efficient use of information originating from innovative CSO experiences.
                                         SO 7:Improve the mobilisation and exploitation of water resources* *
                                         SO 8: Improve conservation and protection of water resources
                                         SO 9: Improve knowledge about (surface and, more importantly, underground) water resources in the context of climate change
                                         SO 10: Improve access to sanitation

The global NAP for the country as a whole can be summarised as follows:

It is planned to implement the National Adaptation Plan based on a strategy comprising five (5) axes:

The consolidated costs of short-, medium- and long-term adaptation measures (1 to 15 years) by development sector or field are summarised below:

 **Development sector (including horizontal issues)**   **Estimated cost in billion FCFA**
 ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
 Agriculture                                            1 313
 Animal resources                                       375
 Environment                                            375
 Health                                                 188
 Energy                                                 1 126
 Infrastructure and housing                             375
 Water security                                         101,75
 **TOTAL**                                              **3853,75**

The water sector includes horizontal elements. Additional investments may accrue from the other sectors, as listed in the table below.

BF from Pandoc

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