Editing Burkina Faso staging

The government of Burkina Faso, with the support of the UNDP as a Global Environment Facility (GEF) implementing agency, started to prepare its National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (NAPA) in 2005. In November 2007, the NAPA was adopted at national level. Three adaptation projects were prepared and implemented between 2009 and 2014 under the leadership of the Ministry of Environment and the UNDP.

The government of Burkina Faso, with the support of the UNDP as a Global Environment Facility (GEF) implementing agency, started to prepare its National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (NAPA) in 2005. In November 2007, the NAPA was adopted at national level. Three adaptation projects were prepared and implemented between 2009 and 2014 under the leadership of the Ministry of Environment and the UNDP.

At the present stage, Burkina Faso is expected to have an adaptation efficacy and cost evaluation document for the medium and long term for several sectors based on the following elements:

At the present stage, Burkina Faso is expected to have an adaptation efficacy and cost evaluation document for the medium and long term for several sectors based on the following elements:

* Analysis of local climate change (CC) scenarios up to 2025 and 2050 > where data are available

* Analysis of local climate change (CC) scenarios up to 2025 and 2050 > where data are available

* Analysis of vulnerability to CC of target sectors.

* Analysis of vulnerability to CC of target sectors.

Furthermore, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted decision 5/CP.17 on NAPs at its 17th session held in Durban (South Africa) from 28 November to 11 December 2011 in the aim of helping the least developed countries take better account of climate change in development policies and strategies.

Furthermore, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted decision 5/CP.17 on NAPs at its 17th session held in Durban (South Africa) from 28 November to 11 December 2011 in the aim of helping the least developed countries take better account of climate change in development policies and strategies.

The aforementioned decision 5/CP.17:

The aforementioned decision 5/CP.17:

* 'Invites least developed country Parties to use the guidelines and modalities contained in this decision, in accordance with their national circumstances, in preparing their national adaptation plans'.

* 'Invites least developed country Parties to use the guidelines and modalities contained in this decision, in accordance with their national circumstances, in preparing their national adaptation plans'.

* 'Also invites the least developed country Parties to strive to implement institutional arrangements to facilitate their national adaptation plan process, building on existing institutions and consistent with their national circumstances'.

* 'Also invites the least developed country Parties to strive to implement institutional arrangements to facilitate their national adaptation plan process, building on existing institutions and consistent with their national circumstances'.

Burkina Faso decided to prepare an NAP in response to that decision. In order to do so, a multidisciplinary team of experts was set up at national level to prepare the NAP, taking account of gender and of civil society. Experts were appointed from the following fields and sectors: (i) agriculture; (ii) animal production; (iii) environment and natural resources; (iv) meteorology; (v) energy; (vi) health; (vii) infrastructure and housing; (viii) women's associations; (ix) civil society organisations. The experts are listed in the annex.

Burkina Faso decided to prepare an NAP in response to that decision. In order to do so, a multidisciplinary team of experts was set up at national level to prepare the NAP, taking account of gender and of civil society. Experts were appointed from the following fields and sectors: (i) agriculture; (ii) animal production; (iii) environment and natural resources; (iv) meteorology; (v) energy; (vi) health; (vii) infrastructure and housing; (viii) women's associations; (ix) civil society organisations. The experts are listed in the annex.

In order to take proper account of water security, the NAP took account of the written input received from the Global Water Partnership West Africa and the Burkina National Water Partnership.

In order to take proper account of water security, the NAP took account of the written input received from the Global Water Partnership West Africa and the Burkina National Water Partnership.

In fact, these two partners offered their services to the national coordination agency for NAPA projects by providing a consultant who specialises in water and by cofinancing workshops with stakeholders.

In fact, these two partners offered their services to the national coordination agency for NAPA projects by providing a consultant who specialises in water and by cofinancing workshops with stakeholders.

Burkina Faso, like many other developing and certain developed countries, has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For the international community, ratification implied a pledge to be better prepared to contain the impact of climate change through national communications, policies and measures to mitigate the greenhouse effect, national climate change adaptation programmes and systematic monitoring of the problem.

Burkina Faso, like many other developing and certain developed countries, has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For the international community, ratification implied a pledge to be better prepared to contain the impact of climate change through national communications, policies and measures to mitigate the greenhouse effect, national climate change adaptation programmes and systematic monitoring of the problem.

Burkina Faso started the process to formulate its NAPA following ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in March 2005. The NAPA, the main objective of which was to identify priority actions based on the urgent and immediate need for adaptation among vulnerable populations (poor rural populations), was adopted in November 2007 and included the following key intervention sectors: agriculture, water resources, animal resources and forestry/biodiversity.

Burkina Faso started the process to formulate its NAPA following ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in March 2005. The NAPA, the main objective of which was to identify priority actions based on the urgent and immediate need for adaptation among vulnerable populations (poor rural populations), was adopted in November 2007 and included the following key intervention sectors: agriculture, water resources, animal resources and forestry/biodiversity.

By ratifying the UNFCCC, Burkina Faso qualified for the Adaptation in Africa Programme (AAP) launched by the UNDP with funding from the Japanese government. In fact, following signature of the Convention in October 2008 between the UNDP and Japan on the implementation of the AAP, twenty (20) African countries, including Burkina Faso, were granted funding for their climate variability and change adaptation programmes. That was made possible by the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) held in 2008.

By ratifying the UNFCCC, Burkina Faso qualified for the Adaptation in Africa Programme (AAP) launched by the UNDP with funding from the Japanese government. In fact, following signature of the Convention in October 2008 between the UNDP and Japan on the implementation of the AAP, twenty (20) African countries, including Burkina Faso, were granted funding for their climate variability and change adaptation programmes. That was made possible by the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) held in 2008.

In 2009, two years after validation of its NAPA, Burkina Faso was granted UNDP support in order to mobilise funding with a view to combined implementation of the following three (3) projects:

In 2009, two years after validation of its NAPA, Burkina Faso was granted UNDP support in order to mobilise funding with a view to combined implementation of the following three (3) projects:

* Capacity-building in order to adapt and reduce vulnerability to climate change in Burkina Faso (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/GEF)

* Capacity-building in order to adapt and reduce vulnerability to climate change in Burkina Faso (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/GEF)

* Adaptation to climate change with a view to improving human security in Burkina Faso (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/DANIDA);

* Adaptation to climate change with a view to improving human security in Burkina Faso (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/DANIDA);

* Capacity-building in order to take better account of climate change-related concerns during the preparation and implementation of development plans, programmes and projects (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/Japan).

* Capacity-building in order to take better account of climate change-related concerns during the preparation and implementation of development plans, programmes and projects (NAPA-BKF-UNDP/Japan).

These three projects operated in tandem in order to improve their implementation, as they are complementary and are respectively designed to increase awareness of the impact of climate change, test best practices or adaptation technology packages and underpin strategic planning that takes account of climate change.

These three projects operated in tandem in order to improve their implementation, as they are complementary and are respectively designed to increase awareness of the impact of climate change, test best practices or adaptation technology packages and underpin strategic planning that takes account of climate change.

* An analysis of NAPAs in LDC illustrated that they had encountered > numerous difficulties in both the formulation and implementation > stages:

* An analysis of NAPAs in LDC illustrated that they had encountered > numerous difficulties in both the formulation and implementation > stages:

– delays during formulation;

– delays during formulation;

– insufficient account taken of climate change in development > policies and strategies;

– insufficient account taken of climate change in development > policies and strategies;

– insufficient financing during implementation.

– insufficient financing during implementation.

Climate change adaptation is no longer a choice; it is instrumental to sustainable development. A process of inclusive and efficient involvement of all stakeholders must be put in place in order to combat the harmful effects of climate change.

Climate change adaptation is no longer a choice; it is instrumental to sustainable development. A process of inclusive and efficient involvement of all stakeholders must be put in place in order to combat the harmful effects of climate change.

It is currently recognised that the NAPA is in urgent need of review and that a national adaptation plan on climate change (NAP) urgently needs to be adopted. This advantage of this new vision is that it takes better account of climate change in development policies and strategies.

It is currently recognised that the NAPA is in urgent need of review and that a national adaptation plan on climate change (NAP) urgently needs to be adopted. This advantage of this new vision is that it takes better account of climate change in development policies and strategies.

In order to gain a better understanding of the results expected of the NAP, it is important to understand the similarities and differences between an NAPA and an NAP. Both an NAPA and an NAP have the same goal, namely to reduce vulnerability to the impact of climate change by:

In order to gain a better understanding of the results expected of the NAP, it is important to understand the similarities and differences between an NAPA and an NAP. Both an NAPA and an NAP have the same goal, namely to reduce vulnerability to the impact of climate change by:

* minimising, reducing or preventing risks and

* minimising, reducing or preventing risks and

* improving the capacity to adapt to climate change.

* improving the capacity to adapt to climate change.

However, an NAPA and an NAP have different objectives, which can be summarised as follows:

However, an NAPA and an NAP have different objectives, which can be summarised as follows:

<Table 1: Similarities and differences between an NAPA and an NAP>

<Table 1: Similarities and differences between an NAPA and an NAP>

The Burkina Faso NAP was formulated with due regard for the following elements:

The Burkina Faso NAP was formulated with due regard for the following elements:

* results of climate foresights;

* results of climate foresights;

* assessment of the vulnerability of various sectors to climate change > led by national and international institutions;

* assessment of the vulnerability of various sectors to climate change > led by national and international institutions;

* acquis from pilot NAPA projects.

* acquis from pilot NAPA projects.

The elements described in the sections below give an idea of the action taken during formulation of the Burkina Faso NAP. The national circumstances of the country were taken into account when planning that action. The methodology for formulating an NAP includes four (4) steps or 'elements'.

The elements described in the sections below give an idea of the action taken during formulation of the Burkina Faso NAP. The national circumstances of the country were taken into account when planning that action. The methodology for formulating an NAP includes four (4) steps or 'elements'.

a) Laying the groundwork and addressing gaps

a) Laying the groundwork and addressing gaps

* identification and assessment of institutional arrangements, > programmes, policies and capacities for overall coordination and > leadership;

* identification and assessment of institutional arrangements, > programmes, policies and capacities for overall coordination and > leadership;

* assessment of available information on climate change impacts, > vulnerability and adaptation, measures taken to address climate > change and gaps and needs, at the national and regional levels;

* assessment of available information on climate change impacts, > vulnerability and adaptation, measures taken to address climate > change and gaps and needs, at the national and regional levels;

* comprehensive iterative assessments of development needs and climate > vulnerabilities.

* comprehensive iterative assessments of development needs and climate > vulnerabilities.

b) Preparatory elements

b) Preparatory elements

In developing NAPs, consideration is given to identifying specific needs, options and priorities on a country-driven basis, utilising the services of national and, where appropriate, regional institutions, and to the effective and continued promotion of participatory and gender-sensitive approaches coordinated with sustainable development objectives, policies, plans and programmes. Activities may include the following:

In developing NAPs, consideration is given to identifying specific needs, options and priorities on a country-driven basis, utilising the services of national and, where appropriate, regional institutions, and to the effective and continued promotion of participatory and gender-sensitive approaches coordinated with sustainable development objectives, policies, plans and programmes. Activities may include the following:

* design and development of plans, programmes and policies by > considering decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 14(a), to address the gaps > and needs referred to in paragraph 1 above;

* design and development of plans, programmes and policies by > considering decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 14(a), to address the gaps > and needs referred to in paragraph 1 above;

* assessments of medium- and long-term adaptation needs, and, as > appropriate, development needs and climate vulnerabilities;

* assessments of medium- and long-term adaptation needs, and, as > appropriate, development needs and climate vulnerabilities;

* activities aimed at integrating climate change adaptation into > national and subnational development and sectoral planning;

* activities aimed at integrating climate change adaptation into > national and subnational development and sectoral planning;

* participatory stakeholder consultations;

* participatory stakeholder consultations;

* communication, awareness-raising and education.

* communication, awareness-raising and education.

c) Implementation strategies

c) Implementation strategies

* prioritising work according to development needs and climate change > vulnerability and risk;

* prioritising work according to development needs and climate change > vulnerability and risk;

* strengthening institutional and regulatory frameworks to support > adaptation;

* strengthening institutional and regulatory frameworks to support > adaptation;

* training and coordination at the sectoral and subnational levels;

* training and coordination at the sectoral and subnational levels;

* public dissemination of information on the national adaptation plan > process, to be made available to the public and to the UNFCCC;

* public dissemination of information on the national adaptation plan > process, to be made available to the public and to the UNFCCC;

* considering other relevant multilateral frameworks and international > programmes and initiatives, with a view to building on and > complementing existing adaptation planning.

* considering other relevant multilateral frameworks and international > programmes and initiatives, with a view to building on and > complementing existing adaptation planning.

d) Reporting, monitoring and review

d) Reporting, monitoring and review

These activities, including national adaptation plan documents, can be included in national strategies and plans, as appropriate.

These activities, including national adaptation plan documents, can be included in national strategies and plans, as appropriate.

Under this element, Parties should undertake a regular review, at intervals that they determine:

Under this element, Parties should undertake a regular review, at intervals that they determine:

* to address inefficiencies, incorporating the results of new > assessments and emerging science and reflect lessons learned from > adaptation efforts;

* to address inefficiencies, incorporating the results of new > assessments and emerging science and reflect lessons learned from > adaptation efforts;

* to monitor and review the efforts undertaken, and provide > information in their national communications on the progress made > and the effectiveness of the national adaptation plan process.

* to monitor and review the efforts undertaken, and provide > information in their national communications on the progress made > and the effectiveness of the national adaptation plan process.

3) Implementation

3) Implementation

4) Monitoring/assessment

4) Monitoring/assessment

== PART ONE: PREPARATORY PHASE, DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF SECTORAL ASSESSMENTS ==

== PART ONE: PREPARATORY PHASE, DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF SECTORAL ASSESSMENTS ==